Association with alcohol consumption among Europeans has given mixed results. A study of alcohol elimination in Australian twins did not find evidence for an effect of either rs698 or rs1693482 (Birley et al., 2009), but a later study showed an effect of rs1693482 on maxdrinks that was still nominally significant after controlling for rs1229984 (p=7×10−4, with 50 SNPs tested) (Macgregor et al., 2009). Several studies reported no independent effect of ADH1C*1 on average drinking (Latella et al., 2009, Drogan et al., 2012) or upon likelihood of very heavy drinking (Munoz et al., 2012). In a meta-analysis of average drinking (g/kg/day) among Europeans, rs1789891 was nominally significant (p = 1.2×10−3) if controls were restricted to drinkers (Schumann et al., 2011). A larger follow-up showed suggestive evidence for association of SNPs in the ADH region (1.4×10−6 to 8.5×10−5), most in ADH1C and ADH7 (Schumann et al., 2016); many of those SNPs were in complete LD with rs698 (r2>0.99, D’=1) and also in LD with rs1229984 (D’>0.9). A large study in Denmark found an association of rs698 with heavy drinking in both men
