years. Using repeated measures of outcome status, we addressed the following questions: (a) How did the risk of relapse change over time between 5 and 11 years post-treatment after achieving remission at 1 year? (b) What was the risk of relapse for non-problem users versus abstainers? (c) What individual (e.g., demographics, dependence type, years of regular use of alcohol and drugs, alcohol and drug problem severity, and severity in the related domains of employment, medical, legal, psychiatric and family/social, and treatment goals to abstain), treatment (e.g., duration of index episode, readmissions), and extra-treatment (e.g., 12-step attendance) characteristics predicted time to relapse over 11 years? We also examined whether predictors were moderated by abstinence status versus non-problem use status at 1 year following treatment entry. We hypothesized that non-problem users would have higher odds of relapse and different predictors than abstainers.
