artery disease and diabetes [6,31,32], fetal hemoglobin expression [33], and other traits [34]. Table II provides examples of GWAS relating to hematological disease. The catalogue curated by Terri Manolio at the NHGRI provides updated information about results of GWAS [44], and a graphical display of the results mapped on the human genome is available from the Hap-Map website (http://www.hapmap.org/karyogram/gwas.html). Note that, besides a few exceptions, a caveat of these findings is that they have so far identified chromosomal regions implicated with the traits and more intensive studies will be needed to find the actual genetic variants responsible for the biological process linking genotypes to phenotypes.