From a clinical and public health standpoint, it is also reassuring to note that a transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5 will likely involve only a modest alteration in prevalence of diagnosed individuals. However, future studies, particularly those aggregating individual-level genotypic and phenotypic data across multiple samples should explore the extent to which individual DSM-IV, and in particularly, the new DSM-5 criteria contribute to specificity of genetic signals identified.