Prenatal alcohol exposure has widespread detrimental effects on the brain and many studies have reported an association between such exposure and a reduction in total brain size (refer to supplementary Table 3). Some areas of the brain may be particularly affected by alcohol exposure. To examine such effects Chen and colleagues [11] divided the brain into 68 cortical and 20 subcortical regions of interest (ROI). Although they did not correct for multiple comparisons, they reported that the absolute volume of nearly every region was significantly reduced in young adults prenatally exposed to alcohol. The authors also identified several specific subcortical and cortical regions that were related to the quantity of exposure or were disproportionately reduced (i.e., above the effects of total brain volume reduction; refer to Table 1). Of note, the posterior corpus callosum and bilateral cerebellum volumes demonstrated a negative relationship with the quantity of prenatal alcohol exposure while the caudate nuclei were reported as disproportionately reduced. These findings are consistent with prior studies suggesting vulnerability of these regions to alcohol. In addition, they reported that the bilateral pars
