In addition, the temporal modulation of brain activity involved in motor control is of great significance. Changes between different motor states, such as perception, planning, and execution, are reflected in changes in neural signals from motor-related brain regions at specific transition times (18, 19). Recent evidence suggests dynamic motor control includes special “preparatory” states at motor state transitions (20, 21) that are essentially invariant to any specific muscle activity (18). However, previous attempts to relate β-γ PAC to motor impairment have not considered the transitions between movement segments. Thus, it is crucial to investigate neuronal dynamics, via the modulation of β-γ PAC, during the movement dynamics and in direct relationship to the motor behavior of patients with PD.
