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Chunk #13 — Results

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Prospective association between tobacco smoking and death by suicide: a competing risks hazard analysis in a large twin cohort with 35-year follow-up.
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There were 313 suicides in the cohort between 1976 and 2011. Among 26 020 respondents with known smoking status in 1975, there were 232 suicides (see Table 1). Forensic autopsy was conducted in 25% of all deaths in the cohort and in 98% (228/232) of suicide deaths. The overall mortality of the twin cohort members did not differ from that of the Finnish population (Kaprio, 2013). Table 1.Characteristics of cohort members with smoking status in 1975 by vital status in 2011AliveNon-suicide deathsSuicidesAllTotal N17 876791223226 020Smoking status, n (%)Never smoker in 19758752 (49.0)3649 (46.1)51 (22.0)12 452 (47.9)Former smoker in 19752846 (15.9)1400 (17.7)35 (15.1)4281 (16.5)Active smoker in 19756278 (35.1)2863 (36.2)146 (62.9)9287 (35.7)Sex, n (%)Men8217 (46)4297 (54)182 (78.5)12 696 (49)Women9659 (54)3615 (46)50 (21.5)13 324 (51)Mean age at baseline, years (s.d.)Men29.8 (8.5)46.9 (14.2)33.3 (12.3)35.6 (13.5)Women30.6 (9.6)54.0 (14.4)30.0 (9.9)36.3 (15.2)Marital status, % marriedMen52.570.145.158.4Women55.352.95254.7Binge drinking, %Men40.339.061.340.2Women10.44.722.08.9Mean life satisfaction score (s.d.)Men8.5 (2.8)9.0 (3.2)10.0 (3.2)8.8 (2.9)Women8.5 (2.9)9.2 (3.0)9.9 (3.7)8.7 (3.0)Psychiatric disability pension by 2004, %Men3.56.58.74.6Women4.95.921.75.2State reimbursable antipsychotic medication, %Men2.13.24.42.5Women2.74.426.03.2s.d., Standard deviation.