measures. The prior study counted lifetime dependence symptoms. The current study included abuse symptoms but measured number of symptoms at baseline, when some lifetime symptoms might not yet have occurred (i.e., those occurring for the first time since the Wave 1 interview) and others might already have remitted. This also may help to explain why the earlier study’s strong positive association between severity and AR received only marginal support in the current survey. Similarly, the lack of replication in the current study of a negative association between AR and any PD may reflect the addition of three new PDs first measured in the Wave 2 survey that were included in the current but not the earlier study’s definition of any PD.
