In the primary analysis, individuals endorsing craving (with or without DSM-IV alcohol dependence) were designated as affected and those who did not report craving (whether or not they met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence) were designated as unaffected. Secondary analyses were performed to examine the association of particular SNPs with alcohol dependence without craving. For this analysis, individuals meeting criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence who did not endorse the proposed DSM-5 craving item were designated as affected and those who did not report craving and did not meet criteria for DSM-IV dependence were designated as unaffected. Results were also compared to those from our previous GWAS for DSM-IV alcohol dependence (Bierut et al., 2010).
