be less capable of reorganizing with improved care and this, in turn, may make it difficult for caregivers to sustain appropriate responsiveness to the child’s needs. One hypothesis is that re-organization of the stress- and threat-response systems requires that the child experience safety in his or her world. In early development, this requires that the child develop a relationship with a consistently responsive, caring adult. Therefore, this model also offers suggestions for intervention efforts. Furthermore, while this model may apply to most children (and to most developing mammals), vulnerability to early adverse care and recovery in response to improved care are expected to be influenced by the genetic differences among individuals.