Neuroscience; St. Petersburg, FL, USA). Thatcher et al. reported that, compared to an average reference and the Laplacian reference, the linked ears (LE) reference is suitable for coherence analyses60. Thus, the following 19-channel montage with LE references was adopted for the data analyses: FP1, FP2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, T5, P3, Pz, P4, T6, O1, and O2. Data from each participant were averaged across the recording epochs for each electrode and only the eyes-closed condition was included in the analysis. Artifacts, including eye muscle movements, were determined via manual visual detection and the automatic system of the NG Deluxe 2.6.1. The M ± S.D. epoch length for the data included in the analyses was 240.020 ± 108.699 sec (range: 20.780 to 439.590 sec) and the mean split-half reliability and test–retest reliability values of the EEG data were 0.950 ± 0.008 and 0.944 ± 0.040, respectively. Neither the epoch length nor the two reliability scores differed among the IGD, AUD, and HC groups (all P-values > 0.0167). Coherence
