(i.e., 1.12, 3.36, and 10.08 pA) were used as input Ca2+ currents. This waveform and these amplitudes for ICa(spark) were selected to match and reflect measured ICa(spark)s in this study and in Bao et al. (2008). The total concentration of fixed and slowly diffusible buffers and the on and off kinetics were taken to be those determined by us in the same cells (Bao et al., 2008).