times a month; (5) About once a month; (6) About once every two months; (7) 2-4 times per year; (8); Once a year or less; (9) I don’t drink any alcohol. The latter response options were collapsed into four categories to parallel the age 14 data; (1) Never, (2) Yearly, (3) Monthly, and (4) Weekly. At age 17, a total of 1,864 participants responded to the item (1,783 of which had initiated alcohol use by age 17). At age 22, the DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association 2004) for Alcohol Dependence, code 303.90 (AD) were collected on 1,347 participants (1,312 of which had initiated alcohol use by age 22). Scores totaling the number of criteria endorsed were computed (range 0-7). Throughout this manuscript, we describe the above variables as “alcohol use behaviors” for ease of presentation. We note, however, that the measure at age 12 is drinking initiation, at ages 14 and 17 is frequency of alcohol intoxication, and at age 22 is AD criteria.
