indicated benefit of adding TES to standard methadone treatment (Marsch, Guarino, et al., 2014) as well as the benefits of the TES system itself in addition to contingency management in the context of buprenorphine maintenance treatment (Christensen et al., 2014). A recent multisite trial of TES plus prize based contingency management (Petry et al., 2005) (wherein participants earned chances to earn prizes for submitting drug free urine specimens or completing TES modules) was conducted in 10 outpatient settings with 507 drug-using individuals in a 12-week trial. Compared with standard outpatient treatment, TES was associated with significantly better retention and greater abstinence (Campbell et al., 2014). However, it was not possible to disentangle the effects of the TES program from the effects of the prize contingency management (participants earned an average of $277 worth of prizes over 12 weeks) and favorable effects of TES over standard treatment were not sustained through 3- and 6-month follow-ups.
