Chunk #84 — Comorbidity of Post-traumatic stress disorder or major depressive disorder with alcohol use disorder and immune signaling — Major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder
of depression (Kappelmann et al., 2016). Moreover, the PDE inhibitor ibudilast attenuates the stimulant and mood-altering effects of alcohol in patients with greater symptoms of depression, which may have relevance for treating MDD/AUD comorbid populations (Ray et al., 2017). Finally, ketamine has attracted interest for its role as a rapidly acting anti-depressant (Lang et al., 2018). In mouse models of ethanol withdrawal, ketamine is particularly effective in reversing depressive-like behavior in abstinent animals (Holleran et al., 2016). Currently, ketamine is being investigated in a human clinical trial to determine its efficacy in lowering relapse rates and severity of depressive symptoms (McAndrew et al., 2017).
