Recent genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified many more genes implicated in smoking behavior. The first GWAS on smoking using sample pooling and 2.4 million SNPs suggested several novel genes possibly associated with ND (49). Among the top candidate genes list in this first GWAS, five genes were located in the GSMA nominated bins: NRXN1 in bin 2.3 (2p22.1-p13.2), FTO in bin 16.2 (16p12.3-q12.2), GPSM3 in bin 20.2 (20p12.1–q13.12), TRPC7 in bin 5.6 (5q31.2–q34) and FBXL17 in bin 5.4 (5q14.1–q21.3). Another recent GWAS on smoking behavior (50) was conducted for a sample of 840 European-ancestry subjects using ∼380,000 SNPs, and has also identified genes possibly associated with smoking behavior, among which five genes map within regions discovered by the GSMA: TBC1D22A in bin 22.2 (22q12.3–q13.32), PDE10A in bin 6.6 (6q25.3–q27), RDH11 in bin 14.3 (14q23.3–q31.1), CENTD3 in bin 5.6 (5q31.2–q34) and LEP in bin 7.5 (7q31.1–q34).
