for mental health clinicians to incorporate assessments of childhood maltreatment and parental history of psychopathology into assessments of mental health service users, in order to provide suitable, evidence-based treatment to individuals who report such experiences. In addition, clinicians treating patients for disaster-related psychopathology (both direct and indirect exposure) should be attuned to the role of childhood adversity in exacerbating symptoms. Finally, these findings suggest that research on the etiology of mental and substance use disorders should examine predispositions towards INT and/or EXT as well as the additional specific risk factors that may determine how this liability is expressed for each individual (Kendler et al., 2008; Torgersen et al., 2008).
