The first GWAS for alcohol dependence was published by Treutlein and colleagues27 in 2009. Two SNPs reached genome-wide significance, and these investigators nominated another group of candidate SNPs to evaluate in a secondary dataset. Further confirmation of their findings is necessary. The ADH and ALDH genes previously found to be associated with alcohol dependence were not significant. This finding is likely due to low-risk allele frequencies in the European population that was used for the study.
