We conducted auxiliary GWAS of depressive symptoms and neuroticism (see Online Methods, Supplementary Note, and Supplementary Tables 8–12 for details on cohorts, phenotype measures, genotyping, association models, and quality-control filters). For depressive symptoms (N = 180,866), we meta-analyzed publicly available results from a study performed by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC)12 together with new results from analyses of the initial release of the UK Biobank data (UKB)13 and the Resource for Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (GERA) Cohort14. In UKB (N = 105,739), we constructed a continuous phenotype measure by combining responses to two questions, which ask about the frequency in the past two weeks with which the respondent experienced feelings of unenthusiasm/disinterest and depression/hopelessness. The other cohorts had ascertained case-control data on major depressive disorder (GERA: Ncases = 7,231, Ncontrols = 49,316; PGC: Ncases = 9,240, Ncontrols = 9,519).
