Prior evaluations have shown that GWAS can be validly conducted with cases compared to population controls.(Garner et al., 2014; Ho and Lange, 2010; Mukherjee et al., 2011; Wellcome Trust Case Control, 2007; Zhuang et al., 2010) Our quality control procedures, as outlined in the Supplementary Information, were modeled after other GWAS that used population controls.(Luca et al., 2008; Silverberg et al., 2009) Subject-level and SNP-level quality control are detailed in Tables S2 and S3, and Tables S4 and S5, respectively.
