While few, clinical studies performed with either selective or non-selective AMPAR antagonists suggest the therapeutic potential of this reagent class. Additional placebo-controlled, double-blind studies are needed to properly evaluate the clinical utility of these and similar compounds for substance abuse. Moreover, drugs acting non-specifically at AMPARs should be further evaluated for efficacy to reduce cocaine seeking. At present, our armamentarium of clinically useful AMPAR antagonists is very limited; therefore, the development of novel AMPAR antagonists with fewer side effects is needed.
