Uncertainties in assessing prenatal alcohol exposure via maternal self-report present difficulties in diagnosis of FASDs and may explain some of the diverse findings in the literature examining the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neurobehavioral outcomes in infants, children and teens (Chiodo, et al, 2009; Kodituwakku, 2007). Decreased cognitive ability and increased behavior problems in childhood have been associated with varying levels of prenatal alcohol exposure in many (Coles et al., 2002; Mattson & Riley, 1999; Uecker & Nadel, 1996; Kable & Coles, 2004; Nordstrom-Bailey, et al., 2004; Russell, et al., 1991), but not all studies or outcomes (Brown, et al., 1991; Greene, et al., 1990; Fried, et al., 1992; Richardson, et al., 1995; Russell, et al., 1991), when assessed by antenatal report.
