A switch from having no DSM-IV diagnosis to having a DSM-5 diagnosis can occur only for people who endorsed no DSM-IV abuse criteria and no more than two DSM-IV dependence criteria. For these people, a switch could occur in two ways: (a) people who endorsed only one DSM-IV dependence criterion could endorse the new craving criterion or (b) people who endorsed two DSM-IV dependence criteria qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis due to the lower threshold, irrespective of whether they endorse craving. For our sample, the vast majority of switches from no DSM-IV diagnosis to a DSM-5 diagnosis were due to the lower threshold: 99% for alcohol, 90% for cocaine, 93% for opioids, and 85% for cannabis.
