The interplay between brain, behavior, and immunity in the etiology and progression of drug abuse is a rapidly expanding area of interest for addiction research. Evidence is accumulating that the neuroimmune system, encompassing innate immune responses within the peripheral and central nervous systems, contributes to drug abuse and dependence. Recent studies point to a role for immune responses in all three stages of the addiction model, from binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, to preoccupation/anticipation or craving [1*–3].
