Deletion carriers at chromosome 11 q14.2 have significantly higher AUD severity and brain volume loading coefficients as seen in Figs. 4 and 5, than insertion carriers or subjects with no variation. The significant negative slope associated with these loading coefficients suggests there may be a possible dosage effect in present. However, previous reports of allelic deletions or duplications affecting gene dosage have only focused on the homozygous case (Schuster-Böckler, Conrad, & Bateman, 2010) and there are no homozygous insertion carriers in this region. However, larger loadings seen in insertion carriers translate into lower AUD severity or larger cerebella and caudate volumes as well as smaller 5th ventricle volume seen in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. Genetic duplications have previously been indicated in decreasing the susceptibility to HIV/ AIDS (Gonzalez et al., 2005). This previous result coupled with our findings that the markedly lower AUD severity loadings are in subjects with insertions at chromosome 11 q14.2 suggests that insertions may have a positive influence on mitigating the effect of some behaviors or diseases. Similarly, deletion carriers in this region have significantly
