offers the best available, yet not complete, comparison group. The majority of the remaining ALSPAC ‘eligible sample’ whom we have not linked to the NPD KS4 GME are thought to live outside England or relate to individuals where there is insufficient information to establish accurate linkage.bAll pupils, excluding those in ALSPAC, from English GMEs who sat their KS4 assessments during the same academic years as the ALSPAC cohort (academic years 2007–09).cAll pupils, from English GMEs, who are from families that have enrolled in ALSPAC by completing an ALSPAC questionnaire or clinical assessment.dAll pupils, from English GMEs, who completed an ALSPAC assessment in the ‘transition to adulthood’ phase (completed a ‘CCS’ or ‘CCXC’ questionnaire or attended the TF17 Focus clinical assessment).eAcademic attainment at the age of 16 years (total points score for the pupils eight highest scoring assessments).
