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Chunk #2 — INTRODUCTION

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Genome-wide association study of opioid dependence: multiple associations mapped to calcium and potassium pathways.
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Our GWAS discovery sample consisted of 2,379 European Americans (EA), including 1,383 subjects with OD; and 3,318 African Americans (AA), including 683 subjects with OD. A second phase sample of 4,603 EAs and AAs from the SAGE study, and a third phase sample including 2,549 EAs and AAs ascertained in a manner identical to that of the discovery sample, were used to replicate and extend our findings.