As shown in Table 5, relative to never smoking, offspring perceptions of current friends smoking and drinking was associated with ever smoking, regular smoking and ND. Older respondents were significantly more likely to be ever smokers (OR=1.10; 95%CI: 1.06–1.15) regular smokers (OR=1.15; 95%CI:1.10–1.20) and nicotine-dependent smokers (OR=1.20; 95%CI:1.14–1.26). Compared to never smokers, regular smokers (OR=2.31; 95%CI: 1.08–4.94) were more likely to be white and ND offspring were more likely to have divorced biological parents (OR=2.20; 95%CI:1.42–3.40).