A sample of 762 subjects had data available on lifetime history of substance use and race. In order to calculate risk by gender and race, the small number with a race other than Caucasian or African American were excluded. Only those between the ages of 18 and 55 years were included. This final sample included Caucasian or African American subjects, aged 18–55 at start of follow-up, with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or psychosis NOS, and who were on second generation antipsychotics at the index admission and for whom complete data on substance use and cigarette smoking were available (N=762).
