Justification for dropping legal problems included low prevalence in adults (Compton et al., 2009; Gillespie et al., 2007; Lynskey and Agrawal, 2007; Shmulewitz et al., 2010) and adolescents (Piontek et al., 2011) in the general population, low discrimination in adolescents (Hartman et al., 2008), poor fit with other criteria (Saha et al., 2006; Teesson et al., 2002) and little added SUD information (Lynskey and Agrawal, 2007; Martin et al., 2006; Shmulewitz et al., 2010). Theoretical justifications for adding craving include the view of some that it is central to SUD (Goldstein and Volkow, 2002; O’Brien, 2005) and that it can cue drug self-administration leading to relapse (Sinha et al., 2011; Weiss et al., 2003). Craving has been studied in animal (Weiss, 2005) and human laboratory models (Sinha, 2011). The consistency of DSM-5 with ICD-10 (World Health Organization, 1993) would be improved byadding craving, whose neural basis makes it an inviting pharmacotherapy development target (Kalivas and O’Brien, 2008).
