Since the report by Gehring & Willoughby [15], who maintained that the negativity in the gambling paradigm was specific to the loss/gain dimension and not related to the error/correct dimension, several studies have examined the sensitivity and functional significance of the ORN in gambling tasks. For example, Nieuwenhuis et al. [19] used two experiments (emphasizing either loss/gain or error/correct dimension) and determined that the sensitivity of the negativity is dependent on which dimension is most salient. This phenomenon was termed context dependence. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of this feature elicited activations in prefrontal cortex, striatum, posterior cingulate, and inferior parietal lobule [20]. According to the context dependence hypothesis, the loss and gain (in the TCTO paradigms) were not based on the outcome of the chosen amount but rather on its ‘relative’ outcome compared to the other unchosen or alternative amount(s) [21]. For example, when 10 is chosen (between 10 and 50) and the Chosen Outcome Stimuli (COS) is +10 (a gain of 10), and the outcome of the unchosen Alternative Outcome Stimuli (AOS) is +50 (a gain of 50),
