We first conducted an analysis evaluating the association of buprenorphine or naltrexone initiation during treatment in association with baseline cooccurring SUD diagnoses (assessed as 6 months prior to, and inclusive of, OUD treatment initiation). Descriptive statistics evaluating the prevalence of buprenorphine and naltrexone use were conducted, stratifying for cooccurring SUD diagnoses for all individuals with a principal diagnosis of OUD, which is the first diagnosis recorded in an inpatient or outpatient record (Table 1; eTable 3 in the Supplement) and for the subcohort of medication recipients who had drug-related poisonings (eTable 2 and eTable 4 in the Supplement). The association of cooccurring SUDs with MOUD initiation (buprenorphine, ER naltrexone, and oral naltrexone vs psychosocial treatment without MOUD) was estimated using log-binomial regression through generalized estimating equations with logarithmic link functions, controlling for age, Medicaid status, and sex; we modeled the association of any cooccurring SUD and specific SUDs (alcohol, stimulant, and sedative use disorders) separately.
