both sexes are associated with lower baseline EEGc. This aligns with literature that indicates threat versus deprivation may contribute to different types of alterations in neurodevelopment (McLaughlin, Sheridan, & Lambert, 2014), as well as literature that the impact of trauma on neurodevelopment may vary by sex (Bremner, 2006; Helpman et al., 2017). Indeed, these relationships may also be influenced by sex differences in the prevalence of trauma exposure type, as well as the increased risk of PTSD following trauma exposure in females (Kessler, Davis, & Kendler, 1997). Thus, while childhood trauma clearly impacts brain functioning, the nature of these associations is highly complex and dependent on a number of factors including type of trauma exposure, sex, and other factors unaccounted for in this study, such as timing, frequency, and intensity of traumatic events (Helpman et al., 2017).
