Novo Nordisk (370579201 to P.W.F.); the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20070633 to P.W.F.); the Swedish Diabetes Association (DIA2006-013 to P.W.F.) and the Wellcome Trust (F.P. and I.B.). E.C.B. was supported by a studentship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and P.W.F. in part by funding from Västerbotten's Health Authority (ALF strategic appointment 2006–2009). Funding to Pay the Open Access Charge was provided by Swedish Diabetes Association.