Chunk #118 — 9.0 Selective Review of Electrophysiological Biomarkers as Candidate Endophenotypes — 9.1 A review of how well candidate endophenotypes satisfy threshold criteria
While necessarily imprecise and somewhat subjective, we feel that this scheme is nevertheless useful. It indicates that the majority of endophenotypes supported by moderate or persuasive evidence are endophenotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (11 out of 16). This undoubtedly reflects in part the fact that there is a long history of interest in endophenotypes for schizophrenia in particular. This scheme also indicates that, whereas the ratio of theta to beta resting EEG power may constitute a biomarker for ADHD, it is amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN; rated “M”) that is the best putative endophenotype for ADHD. Although a focus of research only for a few years, the feedback-related negativity shows moderate evidence as an endophenotype for depression. P300 amplitude is a persuasive endophenotype for SUDs and externalizing disorders and for schizophrenia, and the evidence is moderate that it is an endophenotype for bipolar disorder as well. P300 latency is a strong endophenotype for schizophrenia and moderate for bipolar disorder. Indeed, P300 amplitude and latency are the only candidate endophenotypes for which the evidence is persuasive.
