be more readily activated with respect to perceived environmental threat when compared to more dampening (inhibited) effects associated with stress. More detailed analyses based on symptom criteria may help explicate the underlying structure of these disorders. Analysis of PD symptom criteria, however, is limited because each NESARC PD criterion is measured by a single item (2 or more items in a few cases), which affects reliability. A more promising approach could analyze associations between PDs and panic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of these psychiatric disorders.
