Chemicals required for the osmium-free processing of tissue for EM (Phend et al., 1995) included glutaraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, tannic acid, p-phenylenediamine (PPND), uranyl acetate, and EMBED-812. These were purchased from EMS. Iridium tetrabromide (IrB4), another chemical required for osmium-free tissue processing, was purchased from Premion (Wardhill, MA, cat. no. 39493). Maleate buffer salts, Tris buffer salts, and Triton X-100 were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).