of early responding systems that are susceptible to both genetic and environmental influences and are thought to serve as precursors to the primary outcomes of interest. In this aim, executive function (a precursor to externalizing problems), early literacy skills (a precursor to school performance), and cortisol reactivity (a precursor to internalizing problems) are measured in children and birth parents. By focusing on family processes and child behavior beginning in infancy, the EGDS provides an opportunity to detect G×E and rGE processes as they develop.
