sufficient statistical power due to small sample sizes, small individual gene effects, missing heritability, precision of phenotypes, and the overall lack of replication (Edenberg and Foroud, 2014; Hart and Kranzler, 2015; Tawa et al., 2016). Here we take a more optimistic approach by “mining” the existing GWAS results for logical biological function(s), despite largely non-significant statistical findings predicated (perhaps overly conservative, see (Kanai et al., 2016) by the need to correct for individual (presumably independent) tests of associations of ~1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome. Specifically, we aim to generate novel biological functional hypotheses for candidate genes identified by GWAS and other approaches within the framework of the addiction cycle.
