Children were asked to abstain from medication during the testing, however not all children were able to and medication effects may have contributed to the results. Not excluding children based on medication status or concurrent psychopathology facilitates the generalizability of these findings across the population of children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Nevertheless, the current study has notable strengths including its comparisons between alcohol-exposed children with and without ADHD and the use of a clinical contrast group. Furthermore, the sample size, collected from centers across the United States, is quite large and representative, allowing for greater generalizability of our results.
