to naïve rats, suggesting a post synaptic effect of chronic EtOH (Roberto et al. 2004a). However, possible changes in the expression of GABAA receptor subunits were not characterized. It was also found that the baseline PPF ratio of IPSCs was significantly decreased and the mIPSC frequency was higher in neurons of EtOH-dependent rats compared to naïve rats, suggesting that GABA release was augmented in chronic EtOH treated rats (Roberto et al. 2004a) (see later section on presynaptic change).