There is some overlap between modes 7 and 9 in terms of cognitive tasks (e.g., symbol digit matches), bone density and T1-based brain volumes. However, the fact that CCA-ICA separated modes 7 and 9 indicates that they constitute distinct biophysical patterns of variation across subjects; for example, mode 7 correlates with age, while mode 9 does not. The broader range of non-imaging measures involved in mode 9, and the ability to interpret many of them in terms of positive or negative life factors, is reminiscent of the single mode previously reported from HCP data8, 34. That mode resembled the well-established observation of strong correlations in subject performance across a broad range of cognitive and behavioral tests (the “general intelligence” g-factor), but also included demographic and life factors. However, there is not perfect correspondence between mode 9 reported here and the previous HCP mode. This may be due to key differences in the HCP and Biobank datasets, including different non-imaging measures, the use of only rfMRI in the HCP analysis, the different cohort profiles (e.g., age range) and the ability to separate more modes from the larger Biobank cohort.
