and border-associated macrophages19,20 and gets upregulated early during disease-associated transitions11,14,19,21. Furthermore, CD83 expression characterizes a specific ‘pre-activated’ set of human microglia that is reminiscent of DAMs, and it is also more prominent in microglia isolated from the white matter than their gray matter counterparts12,22,23. However, despite this body of evidence provided by recent advanced single-cell transcriptomic phenotyping, insights into the importance of CD83 for microglial functions in CNS homeostasis and pathologies are still lacking.
