genomic control) were used to assess genomic inflation in all phenotypes, for which λGC ranged from 0.98 to 1.15. Single-variant association testing for each phenotype used an additive model that was adjusted by indicators for study, self-identified race/ethnicity, the first 10 PCs and phenotype-specific covariates. Additional information about the phenotype-specific model covariates and transformations are included in the Supplementary Information. Association testing was completed in both SUGEN and GENESIS programs.
