be linked to reduced interoceptive awareness (Padula et al., 2011). Even after long-term alcohol abstinence, it has been found that resting state FC differs compared to controls (Camchong et al., 2013). Decreased resting state connectivity within reward, visual and executive control brain regions successfully predicts relapse in abstinent alcoholics, further evidence of the importance of examining FC (Camchong et al., 2012). A decrease of FC in executive control, sensorimotor, visual and subcortical was found in alcoholics when compared to controls (Weiland et al., 2014). Results from all these studies lead to the proposal of a “disconnection syndrome” which can be involved in the deficient behavioral control related to alcohol use disorder (Dupuy and Chanraud, 2016). Although the authors suggest that some effects could have been influenced by smoking, evidence for the existence of this disconnection pattern involving DMN, salience, subcortical and executive control networks was presented in (Müller-Oehring et al., 2014) where a whole brain analysis was performed using seed-based methods. Given the common use of alcohol and nicotine, further studies are necessary to characterize FC changes due to alcohol use not influenced by nicotine.
