In summary, we identified one locus with GWS support for association to CD, and others with more limited support. Although there have been prior GWAS for related traits, such as methamphetamine response31 and opioid sensitivity,32 to our knowledge, there are no studies published for stimulant dependence per se. The risk loci we identified did not conform to what might have been regarded as the most likely candidate gene predictions, and therefore will lead to novel directions in research that aims to increase our understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of cocaine dependence.
