functional neuroimaging approach is based on the fundamental relationships between electromagnetic signals generated by neuronal activity via volume conduction, and BOLD-contrast fMRI signals related to the hemodynamic responses. A number of efforts in recording technology, multimodal data fusion and the neurovascular modeling, have collectively led to a promising fMRI-EEG/MEG integrated functional neuroimaging approach, which holds the potential to reach millimeter spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution, thereby opening a unique and noninvasive window to investigate dynamic brain activity and connectivity.