Following our preregistered analysis plan (https://osf.io/v8q2y/), we used summary statistics from well-powered GWAS previously included in investigations of externalizing11 and the addiction risk factor.20 We included the following 10 phenotypes: general risk tolerance,30 number of sexual partners,30 reverse-coded age at first sexual intercourse,30 ADHD,31 smoking initiation,32 cannabis initiation,33 problematic tobacco use,20 problematic alcohol use,34 opioid use disorder35 and cannabis use disorder.17 See Table S1 for more information about each phenotype. As previous genomic SEM studies of externalizing and addiction liability both included similar indicators for problematic alcohol use (N ~150 K in Karlsson Linnér et al.11; N ~430 K in Hatoum et al.20), we only retained the larger meta-analysis of problematic alcohol use.34 Following previous investigations using these GWAS summary statistics, we retained variants with minor allele frequency >0.01 and INFO score >0.70 for opioid use disorder and >0.90 for all other phenotypes.
