Diagnostic criteria and lifetime rates of cannabis dependence, four anxiety disorders (panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without panic, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder), three affective disorders (major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, and dysthymic disorder), childhood conduct disorder (onset of three or more conduct disorder symptoms before age 15), and adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) were evaluated. In the present study, diagnoses of anxiety and affective disorders were considered only if they were independent of alcohol and drug use. Criteria for diagnosing anxiety and affective disorders independent of, as opposed to induced by, cannabis, alcohol, or other substances followed those developed by Schuckit and colleagues (1997a, 1997b), Hesselbrock and colleagues (2000), and DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association 2000). These criteria have been described previously (Gilder et al. 2004, 2006). Severity of the most severe lifetime depression episode was calculated as the number of DSM-III-R symptoms in addition to depressed mood during that episode, whether or not that episode was deemed independent of alcohol or drug use and whether or not the depression episode met criteria for major depression episode.
