The Icelandic studies include a number of ongoing projects in Iceland. All Icelandic studies were approved by the Icelandic Data Protection Authority and the National Bioethics Committee. All subjects who donated samples also signed informed consent. Personal identifiers of the patients and biological samples were encrypted by a third-party system provided by the Icelandic Data Protection Authority. In addition, replication studies were performed by genotyping samples from a number of studies conducted elsewhere. All subjects in these studies gave written informed consents and are of European origin. The association studies of the variants were performed using genotypes from whole-genome sequence data and imputation approaches previously outlined.21 Further details of the various studies involved are provided below (also see Results and Tables).
